Fluid container with pressure seal

ABSTRACT

A container for exchanging a fluid under pressure has a cylindrical tank with caps and seals at opposite ends of the tank. The caps are moved between the unsealed arrangement and the sealed arrangement using a tie rod engaging threaded bores in the caps. Each seal is held in a groove in a flange of each cap which is spaced from a shoulder between the flange and the cap&#39;s head. In the sealed arrangement, the seals are radially compressed between the flange and the tank&#39;s interior sidewall. With a central tie rod threadedly connected to threaded bores at the center of the caps, rotating the caps relative to the tank axially moves the caps between the sealed arrangement and the unsealed arrangement. The top cap has a fill port with a threaded plug, an inlet port, and an outlet port with a tube extending to the bottom of the tank.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/771,396 filed on Nov. 26, 2018 which is herein incorporated in its entirety.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH

Not Applicable.

APPENDIX

Not Applicable.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to containers for fluids, and more particularly to containers that have a fill port for receiving a fluid and can be pressurized through an inlet port to force the fluid out through an outlet port.

Related Art

Fluid containers capable of maintaining pressure from a pressurized air source while fluid flows out of the container have been used as part of fluid servicing tools for brake bleeding, fuel injection and fuel induction as well as for other fluid servicing operations common performed on automobiles. Although the design, function and various elements of the tools can vary between the various intended uses, it is generally an aspect of these servicing tools to provide a fluid container that can be sealed to maintain the pressure of the pressurized air source that is supplied to the container. Accordingly, these servicing tools require air tight seals capable of maintaining adequate pressure within the tool during use. As with other tools and systems, it is generally a desire to those having an ordinary skill in the art to provide a simpler tool having less parts and having improved functionality. Thus, there remains a need in the art to provide an improved fluid container that can be used with the various tools for servicing automobile fluids.

Generally, brake bleeding is a procedure which purges brake lines of air bubbles by replacing old brake fluid with new fluid. The process is performed by forcing clean, bubble-free brake fluid though the entire brake system from the master cylinder to the calipers of disc brakes, or in the opposite direction. Although other methods may exist, the five most common methods of effectively bleeding breaks include the pump and hold method, the vacuum method, the pressure method, the reverse method and gravity bleeding. Of the most common methods listed above, the vacuum method, pressure method and reverse method incorporate specialized brake bleeding tools which incorporate pressurized fluid containers to expedite the process. In comparison, the pump and hold method and the gravity bleeding method do not necessarily include specialized break bleeding pumps but typically take more time or require additional manpower.

As brake bleeding is a common maintenance procedure regularly performed on automobiles, various types of servicing tools have been designed to be used by both professional mechanics and at home hobbyists. At home tools include pneumatic vacuum brake fluid tools that are low cost and do not require adapters, but generally are slow. Similarly, hand pump pressure brake fluid tools have been designed that are often used in at home shops or independent service shops which may effectively exchange brake fluid but require hand power and are generally slow. Other more complex tools have been designed which integrate pneumatic and electric brake tools and machines that are often used in larger mechanics shops. These more complex machines include smaller single line machines as well as multi-line machines that allow for multiple wheel service. However, problems arise with the more complex machines where the additional features and electric pumps lead to more maintenance failures as compared to pneumatic machines. Thus, there remains a need for a simple servicing tool that is not prone to the problems associated with more complex machines while still capable of providing the speed and ease of use as the larger machines.

Other services commonly performed on automobiles that are similar to brake bleeding include fuel induction servicing, fuel injection servicing, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) servicing, diesel EGR servicing, diesel injection servicing, engine oil servicing, transmission servicing, coolant servicing, and power steering servicing. Of these various servicing procedures, most are typically completed with servicing tools that use pressurized fluid containers, and there is a range in the complexity, size, and cost of the tools that are used for these services. Even with all of the options for the current tools, there remains a desire for an improved pressurized fluid container that can be used in various vehicle servicing tools which generally reduces the total number of parts that may cause failure of the tool while also reducing the likelihood of a tool malfunction.

It is another desire to those having an ordinary skill in the art to be able to visibly monitor fluid level within the fluid container during use. Accordingly, some fluid containers in the prior art have used translucent tanks. Although translucent tanks are readily integrated into vacuum tools and metal pressure tools for brake services, current designs can result in loss of pressure in the container without any visual indication that there could be a threat to the integrity of the seal so there remains a desire for a translucent tank that helps to ensure the integrity of the seal. Since translucent plastics cannot be effectively welded or bolted together, prior art containers have used end caps to axially compress O-rings, gaskets, or other seals against the end of the tank to create a pressure tight seal. Sealing on the end of a tank cylinder with a flat end cap and axial compression has typically been performed with rods or other fasteners that extend through the caps or that are affixed on the outside of the tank with mounting brackets. Additional holes and fasteners through the caps create additional sealing boundaries and thus increase the potential for leaks. Further, the additional parts required to assemble the tool increases the risk of failure and increases the complexity and cost of the tool. In many of the prior art tools, additional hand tools are also needed to tighten the fasteners, such as wrenches required to tighten nuts. There are also inherent potential problems with the integrity of the seal because maintaining the axial compression of the caps on the ends of the tank is a critical requirement for keeping the seal.

When sealing end caps by axially compressing O-rings between the end caps and the ends of the tank by tightening the support rods, regardless of whether the rods are internal to the tank or external around the tank, failing to tighten the rods enough will not create or maintain the pressure seals while excessive tightening can damage the translucent tank. In addition, after a period field use, loosening of the fasteners is possible, and the pressure in the tank can then push one or both of the end caps away from their respective ends of the container which would result in a failure of one or more of the seals. The seal may be marginally compromised so the pressure in the container may be reduced due to a leak through the top seal which could lengthen the time to perform the service or the seal could be entirely compromised so the pressure would not be sufficient to perform the service or and/or fluids may leak out of the bottom of the container. In either case, when the loosening of the fasteners begins and the caps begin to be pushed away from the ends of the tank, there is no visual indication that the integrity of the seal is threatened because the axially compressed seals in in the prior art containers will at least partially fail before the gap between a cap and an end of the tank is visually perceptible.

For those containers in which the tie rod and fasteners extend through one or more apertures in at least one of the end caps, the sealing of the apertures in the end caps is also necessary in addition to the seal between the end caps and the containers' sidewalls; accordingly, the apertures are additional access points that require seals and present further risks for potential leaks. Accordingly, there remains a need to provide a pressurized fluid container that not only eliminates the apertures through the end caps for fasteners to hold the end caps on the ends of the tank but also provides for a visual indication when a cap may be loosening from the ends of the tank before there is any significant loss in the seal between the cap and the tank. It would be preferable for the caps to maintain the seal within the tank even when the caps loosen slightly from their position against the ends of the container.

Even in those prior art tools in which the fasteners can be hand-tightened so they do not require an additional hand tool, a separate seal for the aperture in the cap is required. In some prior art tools, the size of the side grip of the hand-tightened fastener in the top cap is limited by the threaded plug that seals a threaded fill port and is also in the top cap because the side grip cannot interfere with the threaded plug that has to be screwed out from the port to allow the filling of the container with a service fluid. Due to the small space between the fastener's side grip and the threaded plug, a person's fingers must screw the fastener into the aperture in a stepwise manner (hold and screw fastener, release fastener, and repeat), the person would not be able to securely hold and screw the fastener without releasing it and repeating the process, and due to the proximity of the threaded plug, the person's fingers may not have sufficient leverage to fully tighten the plug in the orifice so the person may need to use a pliers for tightening or risk a leak in the seal between the container and the end caps. Accordingly, there also remains a need to provide a fluid container that allows sufficient leverage for a person to hand-tighten the end caps on the tie rods to seal the ends of the container.

Other fluid container designs integrate caps that have access ports for fluid flow in both the top and bottom cap. On some existing designs, the bottom end cap may have an access port for allowing fluids to exit, for example in a tank with a traditional float valve. In operation, these access ports either prevent or interfere with setting the tool flat on a workbench during servicing or when filling the tank with automotive fluids. Alternatively, other designs are not intended to be set down at all and instead require the tool to hang from a support hook on the top of the tool, making it more difficult to fill the tool. Further, the additional access ports on the bottom cap further introduce another point of potential failure whereas access ports being located within one of the caps reduces the number of potentially problematic areas. Further, the flat bottom cap allows the tool to be set on a workbench for filling while still allowing for a support hook to hang the tool during use or in a service cell as described herein.

For tools that use external tie rods to secure the caps on each end of the tank, the tie rods are fastened to mounting brackets that are connected to each one of the caps. The fastening portion of the top cap's mounting bracket must align with the fastening portion of the bottom cap's mounting bracket in order for the tie rods to be fastened. Accordingly, tools with external tie rods, or multiple internal tie rods, require the caps be in alignment with each other.

Some other vehicle servicing tools do not maintain pressure but instead use a vacuum that pulls cleaning fluid into an engine through a gas engine vacuum port. For example, the method and apparatus for cleaning an automotive engine described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,073,638 uses an engine intake manifold vacuum, which draws the liquid from a dispensing container via a connecting hose or conduit. Accordingly, the dispensing container may be under a slight vacuum or the servicing may be completed without a vacuum within the container wherein the engine vacuum draws out the cleaning solution. Generally, these dispensing containers are less expensive and made from low cost plastics that are not capable of maintaining adequate pressure for other servicing operations. Thus, there exists a desire to those having an ordinary skill in the art to provide an improved container that can be used as both a vacuum container and maintain an adequate pressure for different types of automobile servicing.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is a fluid container that has seals capable of holding a pressure of approximately one hundred and fifty pounds per square inch (150 PSI) or more and which has access ports on one end cap through which fluid flows into and out of the container. The fluid container particularly described herein is intended to be used for holding automobile fluids that are used in the process of exchanging old fluids with new fluids, and it will be appreciated that the innovative fluid container and seal may be used for other purposes. The fluid container tool described herein includes a single threaded tie rod in the center of the tank, a pair of end caps on each end of the tank, and an annular seal. The internal tie rod eliminates the need for additional pressure boundaries found in the end cap designs commonly used in the prior art in which the tie rods are fastened through apertures in the end caps. Additionally, the internal tie rod allows for a simpler assembly with screw-on end caps that snuggly fit against each end of the tank. Accordingly, it is an aspect of the invention to have access valves allowing fluid exchange while limiting unnecessary pressure boundaries by reducing the number of fasteners required for securing the end caps to the container.

The annular seal is preferably formed by an O-ring that is seated within a groove in a flange on each of the end caps and that is radially compressed against the interior sidewalls of the tank as the flange of the end cap is pulled within the interior of the tank which allows for pressurized sealing of the container even when the end caps are not fully tightened on the tie rod so that the head of the end caps are not tightly seated against the ends of the tank. It is another aspect of the invention to provide a pressure seal even when the end caps are not fully seated against the ends of the tank and without the need for any axial compression of O-rings or any other seals between the end caps and the ends of the tank.

The container is preferably made from a cylindrical translucent tank so that the fluid level within the container can be visibly determined by a technician. The caps are affixed to their respective positions on opposite ends of the cylindrical container by the central tie rod threadedly connected to a center point of each cap. Each cap includes integrated tie rod mounts that allow the sidewalls of the cap to be used to hand-tighten the caps to the tank as the O-rings are radially compressed against the internal sidewalls of the tank. Accordingly, it is another aspect of the invention to have integrated fasteners within each end cap wherein a separate tool and fastener are not required to adequately tighten the end caps to maintain pressure within the fluid container.

The inlet port and the outlet port are both integrated into the top end cap which leaves the bottom end cap unencumbered from any fittings, couplings, pipes, tubes, hoses, or other fluid connections and allows the container to be freestanding, such as on the technician's work bench, thereby improving the ease of use of the tool. A threaded fill port is also provided in the top end cap to allow for filling the tank with fluids, and a threaded plug screws into and seals the fill port. An internal process tube extends from the outlet port in the top end cap down to the bottom of the tank which allows the fluid in the tank to be pushed up through the outlet port in the top cap. In another innovative aspect of the fluid container, the process tube includes a float valve that opens when there is sufficient fluid in the tank to flow out of the outlet port and closes when the fluid in the tank gets so low that there is insufficient fluid remaining in the tank to flow out of the outlet port. Accordingly, the inventive float valve does not require the fluid to exit through the bottom of the tank as commonly seen in existing float valve designs.

Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a fluid container according to the present invention with detail views of the seal in the fully-seated sealed arrangement, the partially-seated sealed arrangement, and the unsealed arrangement.

FIG. 1B is an exploded upper perspective view of the fluid container shown in FIG. 1A with a lower perspective view of the top cap.

FIG. 1C is an isometric view of the fluid container shown in FIG. 1A.

FIG. 1D is a front view of the fluid container shown in FIG. 1A.

FIG. 1E is a side view of the fluid container shown in FIG. 1A.

FIG. 1F is a top view of the fluid container shown in FIG. 1A.

FIG. 1G is a bottom view of the fluid container shown in FIG. 1A.

FIG. 2A shows the fluid container according to the present invention with connections for a fuel servicing tool.

FIG. 2B shows the fluid container according to the present invention with connections for a diesel induction and EGR servicing tool.

FIG. 2C shows the fluid container according to the present invention with connections for a brake servicing tool.

FIG. 2D shows the fluid container according to the present invention with connections for an oil servicing tool.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following description of the preferred embodiments is exemplary in nature and does not limit the scope of the invention, its application, or its uses.

Generally, as shown in FIGS. 1A-1E, the fluid container 10 of the present invention has a cylindrical tank 12 with end caps 14 a, 14 b that are held in place by a single, central tie rod 16 that threads with and secures the end caps on opposite ends 24 a, 24 b of the container. Each end cap preferably has a head 34 that abuts the respective ends of the tank and a flange 36 that is inserted into the corresponding ends of the tank, and a radially-compressive, annular seal 18 within an annular groove 44 around the flange's outer circumference 46 seals the fluid container between the flange and the tank's interior space. Threaded bores 52 at the center point 54 of the end caps receive the threaded end sections 60, 62 of the internal tie rod, and the end caps are thereby secured to opposite ends of the tank through the tie rod with the longitudinal axis 70 of the tie rod in line with the cylindrical tank's central longitudinal axis 30. Accordingly, the threaded bores function as integral fasteners in the end caps and secure the caps through their engagement with the tie rod without any external fasteners penetrating either end cap, thereby eliminating any fastener apertures through the caps and also avoiding external tie rods outside the container as found in prior art containers. Additionally, since the end caps and the tie rod rotate relative to each other, the end caps can be hand tightened on the tank using the torque of the perimeter side 42 of the end caps without any hand tool needed for the torque.

In assembling the container, the flange of one of the caps could first be fitted into one end of the tank, and the threaded end of the tie rod is then screwed into the threaded bore. The other cap would then be rotated to screw onto the other threaded end of the tie rod, and its flange would be drawn into the other end of the tank. Preferably, the center section 64 of the tie rod is free of any threads although it will be appreciated that the entire length of the tie rod could be threaded. When the head is not seated against the respective end of the tank, the head is rotated in a tightening direction 56 on the tie rod to draw the cap's flange further into the tank until the head engages the end of the tank. To remove the cap from the end of the tank, the head is rotated in a loosening direction 58 to push the cap's flange out of the end of the tank. In the assembly and disassembly of the container, both end caps can also be simultaneously rotated on the tie rod. Rotation of the caps is generally shown in FIGS. 1F and 1G.

Access ports 50 are preferably only machined in the top cap so that there are no access ports in the bottom cap. As explained below, the bottom cap can have one or more access ports but it is not preferred. Additionally, the access ports can be cast, molded, or otherwise formed (3D additive metal manufacturing) in the caps, but machining is preferred. Generally, the access ports 50 include a fill port 50 a and process ports, such as an inlet port 50 b and an outlet port 50 c. In preparing for the operation of the tool, service fluid 110 flows into the tank through the fill port which is preferably threaded, and a threaded plug 20 is secured in the fill port with a seal 84 in a screwed and sealed engagement. In operation, pressurized air 120 is directed into the tank through the inlet port, and the fluid is pushed out of and/or drawn from the tank through the outlet port.

The annular seal in each one of the end caps is preferably an O-ring which is seated within the groove on the outside diameter of the flange. As the end caps are screwed onto the tie rod and the flanges are drawn into the ends of the tank, the O-ring is radially compressed in the groove between the cap and the interior sidewall 28 a of the tank which provides the pressure seal without requiring axially compression of the O-ring against the ends of the container to retain seal integrity. When the end caps are tightened and the head of each cap is seated against respective ends of the tank, the rotational friction provided by the O-ring between the cap and the interior sidewall provides sufficient resistance to prevent the cap from rotating back and loosening the engagement between the cap and the tank and to maintain the integrity of the seal. As explained above, many known fluid containers for servicing vehicles have apertures extending through the caps so the external fasteners can engage one or more tie rods in the tank, whereas the tie rod and integrated threaded bores at the center of the respective caps for the innovative container described herein eliminate the need for additional external fasteners. The used of a single, central tie rod also allows the end caps to be oriented in any direction relative to one another rather than having to be in a particular alignment with each other as is required with containers that use multiple internal tie rods or external tie rods.

The cylindrical tank has an upper end 24 a, a lower end 24 b, and a middle section 26 and is preferably made as a single, integral structure from a translucent structural material, such as an epoxy and fiber composite, a glass and fiber composite, or a structural plastic. Making the cylindrical tank translucent is beneficial because a technician can visualize and measure the fluid level while the tool is being used so a specific volume of fluids can be metered the progress of the service can be monitored while working at different locations around a vehicle to insure that the service is progressing appropriately and to determine when the service is completed. It will also be appreciated that the particular material used to produce the tank may vary, and the innovative seal and tie rod design described herein can be used in fluid containers which are not translucent, such as in metal containers and possibly plastic containers as long as the material is capable of retaining a pressure of approximately 150 PSI without deforming the interior sidewalls away from the O-ring seals. When the tank is made primarily from metal, it may have a translucent or transparent window to view the fluid level within the container. As explained below, the overall size of the tank may vary relative to the particular use but generally has a length greater than the diameter of the tank.

The caps preferably have a circular head with a diameter (D_(h)) that is greater than the diameter (D_(is)) of the tank's interior sidewall 28 a and approximately equal to or greater than the diameter (D_(es)) of the tank's exterior sidewall 28 b, and the circular flanges extend from the head into the ends of the tank. Accordingly, the flange diameter (D_(f)) is less than the diameter of the cap's head (D_(f)<D_(h)) and is also less than the diameter of the tank's interior sidewall (D_(f)<D_(is)) so that the caps have a shoulder section 48 at the interface between the head and the flange proximate to the ends of the tank. The groove in the flange is preferably spaced from the head by an axial distance (d_(a)) that is preferably greater than half the width (w_(g)) of the groove (d_(a)>½ *w_(g)). The spacing between the groove and the head in the present invention is an improvement over the axially-compressed seals in the present invention because the radially-compressed seals in the present invention will maintain the seal between the flange and the interior sidewall of the tank even if the head of the end caps is not directly contacting the corresponding ends of the container as long as the caps remain sufficiently inserted in the ends of the tank such that the grooves in the flanges are substantially or entirely covered by the corresponding ends of the tank. In comparison, fluid containers in the prior art with caps that axially compress O-rings or other annular seals 18 against the ends of the tank would lose pressure when the caps are slightly loosened because the axial compression that is required to maintain the seal would be lost when the head is no longer seated against the end of the tank.

It will be appreciated that the cap's head and flange dimensions will vary relative to the size of the tank. Generally, the flange extends from the head by a length (l_(f)) that is approximately greater than half the width (w_(s)) of the head's sidewall (l_(f)>½ *w_(s)). For each one of the caps, the flange extends from the cap's interior side into the tank of the container, and the cap's exterior side faces away from the tank and the opposite cap. Preferably, the axial distance (d_(a)) of the spacing between the groove and the head is greater than one-sixteenth of an inch ( 1/16″) and could be approximately one-eighth of an inch (⅛″) so that when the cap is at a fully-seated point 78 with respect to the tank, i.e., with the flange within the end of tank and the head abutting the end of the tank, the O-ring is situated within the end of the tank by this axial distance. With this sealed arrangement 66, the seal would be maintained even when the cap is at a partially-seated point 80 within the end of the tank with an open circumferential space 82 that is between the end of the tank and the head at the shoulder section and is approximately equal to this axial distance. In the unsealed arrangement 68, the groove of the flange is at least partially exposed outside the end of the tank such that the seal loses the compression between the groove and the interior sidewall. Therefore, it would require a significant loosening of the end cap before the seal integrity would be compromised for the container of the present invention.

The radially-compressed seals of the present invention are so robust that in order for the seal integrity to be impacted, one of the caps would have to be loosened to the point that the head of the cap is spaced away from the end of the tank by a distance that is greater than the spacing between the groove and the head. The seal is still maintained even when the distance of the head from the end is equal to the cross-sectional diameter (D_(O)) of the O-ring. It should also be recognized that in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the only way for the cap to be loosened from the tank is by rotating the entire cap more than one (1) full rotation on the central tie rod relative to the tank. In comparison, the prior art caps do not need to rotate at all relative to the tank when they come loose because the fasteners extend through apertures in the cap. Accordingly, the seal of the present invention is so robust that its integrity not only remains with some axial movement of the cap relative to the end of the tank, the sealing components of the present invention provide a clear visual indication before there would be any compromise to the integrity of the seal because of the amount of space there would have to be between the head of the cap and the end of the tank, and the sealing components would also provide a clear visual indication before there would be any compromise to the integrity of the sea because of the amount of relative rotation between the front of the tank and the cap.

All fluid connections and access ports are preferably made through the top cap on the upper end of the tank so that the bottom of the container can be flat which allows it to be stably set on a bench for operations in filling the tank and performing the service or for storage. The absence of access ports, fluid connections, or external fasteners in the bottom cap not only allows the container to be freestanding with the flat bottom, the absence also allows for the container to be placed in spaces not accessible by containers that have fluid connections extending from the bottom of the container. Rigid couplings or fittings that extend from the bottom of a container must be spaced away from the lip around the topside work surface of a cart or toolbox and hoses extending therefrom could interfere with other items on the work surface as well as drawers below the work surface, whereas the container of the present invention can be placed anywhere on the work surface, even immediately adjacent to the top lip because the fluid connections are spaced up and away from the work surface and the flexible hoses can be more easily directed away from equipment on the work surface and drawers below the work surface. Since the bottom cap does not have any access ports, it is clear of any structures between the threaded bore at the center of the cap and the interior sidewalls so that it generally has a saucer-shaped interior space 94 a around the threaded bore which is in fluid communication with the tank so it also holds a portion of the fluid.

The top cap includes at least two process ports 50 b, 50 c, i.e., the inlet port 50 b, through which compressed air enters into the container and the outlet port 50 c for fluid to flow out of the container. The top cap also has a single threaded fill port that extends between the exterior surface 38 of the top cap through to the top cap's interior space 40 and the interior space of the tank allowing easy access for filling the container with fluids. The threaded plug with a gasket, O-ring, or other seal is screwed into the threaded fill port to close off the fill port and seal the fill port in the cap. The threaded plug may also include a spring-loaded, pressure-release valve 90 extending through its topside 92 which can be used to ensure that the pressure in the tank is relieved to ambient pressure before opening the fill port. The process ports preferably extend between an external opening through the perimeter side of the top cap's head and an internal opening in the interior space of the head within the interior of the tank, and the interior channels of the process ports preferably have a turn to be directed downwards towards the bottom of the tank. It will be appreciated that the process ports could alternatively be formed in the topside of the cap from the exterior surface to the internal space.

Since the outlet port is preferably situated in the top of the cap, a process tube 22 extends from its proximal end 22 a in fluid communication with the internal opening of the outlet port to its distal end 22 b in the saucer-shaped interior space of the bottom cap at the lower end of the tank. Fluid fittings and/or couplers are connected to the external opening of the process ports and provide a fluid connection with hoses, valves, pressure gauges, and possibly other devices depending on the intended use of the container. Since the external openings of the process ports are preferably situated in the opposite peripheral sides of the top cap, nipple fittings 96 a have one end preferably connected to each one the external openings, and an elbow fitting 96 b preferably connects to the other end of the nipple fitting so that hoses and other various attachments can be connected adjacent to the tank body with their arrangement and flow path being generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the container. The openings in the elbow fitting and the external openings of the process ports are preferably threaded to receive the correspondingly threaded ends of the nipple fittings.

The overall design of the tank and caps is modular such that the same general features of the fluid container can be used for different servicing tools. For example, as explained below with regard to the various attachments that can be used for different service tools, the fuel service tool shown in FIG. 2A includes pressure gauges on each fitting that connects to the process ports. The modular nature of the container also relates to fluid management devices within the interior space of the tank. For example, a float valve assembly 86 can be added to the distal end of the process tube for the power bleed brake service tool shown in FIG. 2C while the other service tools do not necessarily include any valve connected to the process tube within the tank. The internal opening of the outlet port is preferably threaded, and the process tube preferably has a threaded proximal end that screws into the internal opening. The process tube may also have a threaded distal end, and threaded sidewalls of the float valve assembly's exit port can be screwed onto the threaded distal end of the process tube. It will also be appreciated that an adhesive could be used to fasten the float valve assembly to the process tube, or the distal end of the process tube could be bent into a U-shape which would allow the float valve to be fastened to the end of the tube or otherwise formed with or integrated into the end of the tube.

The float valve assembly in the power bleed brake service tool functions as a low liquid level shut-off valve to automatically close the valve when the brake fluid level in the container gets too low. When the fluid level gets too low, the valve closes the outlet port and protects against air being forced into the brake lines of the vehicle. Prior art brake service tools that have an outlet port at the bottom of the tank may also have a valve, but there is no process tube so the valve is positioned directly over the outlet port's internal opening. The float valve assembly 86 in the present invention allows fluid to enter the float valve through an upwardly facing entrance port 86 a and pass through an internal passageway 86 b before flowing through the exit port 86 c into the process tube. The ball float 86 d is held in position at the end of the valve assembly, preferably being held by U-shaped wires 86 e that are connected to the assembly around the valve's entrance port. In the valve's open configuration 88 a, the ball float is lifted away from the entrance port as it floats in the fluid. As the fluid level in the tank drops, the ball float descends and the valve transitions to its closed configuration 88 b when the ball float covers the entrance port. It will be appreciated that other connection devices or cages could be used to hold the ball float at the end of the process tube, and other types of low-level valves could be used in combination with the process tube of the present invention.

To provide an airtight seal and maintain pressure within the container, the radially-compressive, annular seal 18 contacts the entire circumference of both the tank's interior sidewall 28 a and the base of the groove 32 in the sealed arrangement 66. An inwardly-facing portion 74 of the annular seal is seated within the annular groove in the flange and an outwardly-facing portion 76 of the annular seal radially protrudes out from the groove by a radial distance (d_(r)) to a seal outer diameter (D_(s)) that is greater than the diameter of the tank's interior sidewall (D_(s)>D_(is)), and as the cap is rotated on the central tie rod and the flange is inserted into the end of the tank, the annular seal is radially compressed between the groove and the tank's interior sidewall. When the caps are in the unsealed arrangement 68, the pair of annular seals are not radially compressed around an entire circumference of the interior sidewall. Accordingly, the O-rings have an outer diameter that is greater than the diameters of the flange and the tank's interior sidewall when the O-rings are seated within the corresponding grooves in the unsealed arrangement. The O-rings are lightly lubricated and drawn inside the tank as the end caps rotate on the threaded ends of the tie rod as described above. As the end caps are tightened, the flanges are pulled into the fluid container creating the seal on the inside of the container with the O-ring being radially compressed by the tank's interior sidewall as it is seated in the flange's groove. The head on each of the end caps is preferably pulled against and abuts the respective end of the container when the flange is fully drawn into the end of the tank.

It will be appreciated that the fluid container and seal described herein is capable of maintaining a pressure differential that is a higher pressure or lower pressure relative to the ambient pressure on the outside of the container. Accordingly, it will be understood that the fluid container and seal described herein can be used in tools using a vacuum service. For example, fuel servicing tools such as shown in FIG. 2A that connect to a gas engine vacuum port and pull cleaning solution into the port instead of pressurizing the tool and forcing fluid through the throttle body with an attached spray nozzle are generally known and may incorporate the fluid container described herein. Accordingly, the fluid container and seal may also maintain a vacuum or may be used under a vacuum, no vacuum or maintain an internal pressure greater than the ambient pressure as described above. Generally, various valves, gauges, filters, and other devices are connected to the fittings extending from the process ports depending on the particular servicing to be performed by the tool. In another example of modular features that may be connected to the process ports in the top cap, a quick release pressure nozzle can be combined with fluid containers for access mixing nozzles on diesel induction and EGR tools as shown in FIG. 2B to allow easier service of the internal pressure nozzle. The power bleed brake service tool mentioned above and shown in FIG. 2C has a quick-change fitting for a pneumatic hose that is connected to the inlet port through a pressure gauge, a valve, and a coalescing filter to remove moisture from pressurized shop air and has a simple fitting attached to the outlet port for a fluid service hose and has another quick-change fitting that allows for different applicators to be attached to the hose for different makes and models of vehicles. Similarly, the oil servicing tool shown in FIG. 2D has fittings for the pneumatic hose providing the pressurized air and for the oil to be directed to the vehicle's engine through the process hose and terminal end applicator.

Since the innovative container design of the present invention uses fewer parts than previous fluid exchange tools in the prior art, the innovative container can be assembled more quickly and easily while providing a lower risk of seal failure than the previous tools. The simpler and more efficient design also allows the size and weight of the new tool to be significantly less than other products that reduces the effort required to handle and use the tool. To further reduce the weight of the overall tool, metal end caps are preferably made from machined aluminum with hollowed out sections, such as the saucer-shaped portion in the bottom cap and the open spaces 94 b in the top cap. With the improved materials, the elimination of separate fasteners for the tie rods, the reduction of tie rods to a single, central tie rod, and the caps' hollowed out sections, the container's empty weight is approximately sixty percent (60%) or more lighter than comparable prior art containers.

Providing smaller and lighter containers makes it easier for the tools to be hung in multiple locations from mounting hooks throughout a service shop. Accordingly, the multiple tools located around a shop provides technicians quick access and reduces the time required to perform individual services, which thereby increases shop capacity and efficiency. Further, lowering the cost of tools in comparison to larger service machines allows shops to easily acquire multiple tools to increase the service capacity at a much lower cost than using larger machines. Accordingly, with lower profile tools that are easy to use, multiple tools for particular uses can be used within a shop and thus services can be run in parallel rather than in series where current machines are too large to effectively perform more than approximately two combined services at a time. For example, new fluids and waste fluids must be manually loaded and unloaded from machines. In comparison, service cells that incorporate multiple tools for particular uses will provide automated feed and disposal of fluids. In operation, a service cell will reduce the wasted time getting and returning equipment to a tool room and thereby keep technicians focused on performing services. Subsequently, labor costs and required service times may be reduced by approximately 50% which provides service companies a competitive advantage over competitors.

Although the tank, caps, and seal described herein are preferably designed to be used with a single, central tie rod, it will also be appreciated that the cap design and radially-compressive, annular seal described herein may be used in combination with one or more external tie rods. For example, mounting brackets may be affixed to the head of the caps or on the exterior side of the caps, opposite from the interior side of the caps having the flange. Tie rods can extend between the external brackets on the outside of the container and sufficiently hold the caps over the respective ends of the container without introducing additional apertures in the caps that may threaten seal integrity. An example of a pressure vessel with external tie rods is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,065,630 which is incorporated by reference herein. Accordingly, persons having an ordinary skill in the art will understand that a primary aspect of the container, cap and seal combination described herein is the elimination of multiple access points to necessarily fasten the caps over the respective ends of a fluid container byway of a providing a flange and annular seal. Regardless of whether the cap is held onto the tank by the internal tie rod or external tie rods, the radially-compressive, annular seal of the present invention can hold a pressure of approximately 150 PSI or more within the fluid container which exceeds pressure ratings from traditional air systems and tools in the prior art that generally only allow for maximum pressures of 100 PSI or less.

The preferred embodiment of the cylindrical tank 12 is open on both ends with a top cap and a bottom cap forming the container's sealed top side and the sealed bottom side, respectively, and it will also be appreciated that the cylindrical tank 12 can be formed as a cylindrical canister with a fixed, permanently-sealed bottom 72 as generally shown in FIG. 2D so that only a top cap is required to fully seal the container. Such a cylindrical fluid canister may have an integral bottom section as in described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,073,638 with an integral threaded bore as described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,766,068, both of which are incorporated by reference herein. In such a canister-type container, the single, central tie rod and/or the radially-compressive, annular seal in the top cap can be used to seal the container and provide for the process ports and the fill port. The canister may be metal with a threaded bore at the center of the canister's bottom or may be formed primarily from epoxy material, and the threaded bore could be formed by a metal plug that is embedded within the epoxy material in the canister's bottom. Although not preferred, it is also possible for the bottom end of the tie rod to be permanently fastened to the bottom of the canister-type container. It will also be appreciated that the container with the single, central tie rod and/or the radially-compressive, annular seal may be mated with a cart or otherwise incorporated into a servicing machine. For example, the tool can be integrated with a cart having pneumatic suction or as a separate pressure only power bleed tool. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention includes incorporating either the single, central tie rod or the radially-compressive, annular seal into other servicing tools and machines, especially as suggested herein.

As indicated above, the cylindrical tank may have various diameters depending on the particular use of the container. For example, cylindrical tanks for vehicle servicing as described herein may range in diameter from one inch (1″) for smaller automotive servicing tools to six inches (6″) for larger automotive servicing tools. Larger containers may also be used in dual container designs wherein a smaller internal tank is positioned inside the larger outside tank to provide two (2) separate and independent tank spaces. In operation, the smaller interior tank is preferably used as a suction or waste tank and the larger outer tank would hold new fluids. Accordingly, a single tool could provide both suction and pressure in a single tool. Further, where it is an aspect of the fluid container described herein to be moveable and lightweight, it would be appreciated that larger fluid containers, for example a container used in a sixty-four ounce (64 oz.) service tool, could be mounted on a cart or similar service machine. When the container of the present invention is integrated into service machine, it may be advantageous for the outlet port to extend through the sealed bottom side as in current service machine designs, although a bottom side outlet port is not necessary in such a use of the container. As with other automotive service tools, a hanger can also be connected to the top end cap to allow the container to be hung on a stand or other mount. As shown in FIG. 2C, the hanger can be a cable 98 a with crimped end loops that are placed around the nipple fittings that extend from the process ports in opposite peripheral sides of the top cap. Other hangers can also be used, such as the bent metal strip 98 b shown in FIG. 2D. As shown in these examples, the hanger can also have a hook 98 c.

The embodiments were chosen and described to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to persons who are skilled in the art. As various modifications could be made to the exemplary embodiments, as described above with reference to the corresponding illustrations, without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the foregoing description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative rather than limiting. For example, the terms top and bottom are not intended to be limiting, and other tools may have different orientations, such as a horizontal tank with a fill port that can extend through the end cap with the process ports or can extend out of a top side of the tank. Additionally, other servicing tools can use the innovative container of the present invention when providing or exchanging fluids that are used in various vehicle systems, such as power steering fluid tools, coolant system tools, and transmission system tools. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims appended hereto and their equivalents. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A container for exchanging a fluid under pressure; comprising: a cylindrical tank comprising a pair of ends, a middle section between the pair of ends, and an interior sidewall having a sidewall diameter; a pair of caps each comprising a head and a flange, wherein the head has a first diameter and is comprised of an exterior surface, an interior space, and a perimeter side, wherein the flange has a second diameter and is comprised of an annular groove, wherein the pair of caps further comprise a plurality of access ports fluidly connecting at least one of the exterior surface and the perimeter side with the interior space, wherein the first diameter is greater than the second diameter and forms a shoulder section between the head and the flange, wherein the shoulder section for each one of the pair of caps is respectively positioned proximate to a corresponding one of the pair of ends of the cylindrical tank, and wherein the flange extends a length from the head into the corresponding pair of ends of the cylindrical tank proximate to the interior sidewall; a tie rod comprising a first end, a second end, and a center section between the first end and the second end, wherein the first end and the second end are removably connected to the pair of caps through a pair of fasteners, respectively, wherein at least one of the pair of caps moves axially towards the pair of ends to a sealed arrangement, and wherein at least one of the pair of caps moves axially away from the pair of ends to an unsealed arrangement; and a pair of annular seals respectively fitted within the annular groove of the corresponding pair of caps, wherein each of the annular seals comprises a first portion positioned within the annular groove and a second portion protruding a radial distance out of the annular groove to a third diameter, wherein the second portion is in contact with and radially compressed by the interior sidewall in the sealed arrangement, and wherein the third diameter is greater than the sidewall diameter in the unsealed arrangement.
 2. The fluid container of claim 1, wherein the cylindrical tank has a central longitudinal axis, wherein each of the pair of caps is further comprised of a threaded bore at a center point of the respective caps in the interior space, wherein the center point is aligned with the central longitudinal axis of the cylindrical tank, wherein the first end and the second end of the tie rod are each comprised of a threaded rod section engaged with the threaded bore in the respective caps, wherein the threaded bore in the pair of caps are the pair of fasteners removably connecting the pair of caps to the first end and the second end of the tie rod, respectively, wherein the tie rod has a longitudinal axis in line with the central longitudinal axis of the cylindrical tank, wherein rotating at least one of the caps in a first direction relative to the tie rod and the cylindrical tank pulls the cap into the sealed arrangement, and wherein rotating at least one of the caps in a second direction relative to the tie rod and the cylindrical tank pushes the cap to the unsealed arrangement.
 3. The fluid container of claim 2, wherein the annular groove is spaced from the head by an axial distance at least half a width of the groove, wherein the pair of annular seals are not radially compressed around an entire circumference of the interior sidewall when the pair of caps are in the unsealed arrangement, wherein the pair of annular seals are radially compressed around the entire circumference of the interior sidewall when the pair of caps are in the sealed arrangement, wherein the caps have a range of rotation in the sealed arrangement between a fully-seated point with the head of each of the caps abutting the respective ends of the cylindrical tank and a partially-seated point with an open circumferential space at least equal to the axial distance between head of the pair of caps at the shoulder section and the respective ends of the cylindrical tank, and wherein the head rotates more than one full rotation between the partially-seated point and the fully-seated point.
 4. The fluid container of claim 1, wherein the pair of caps is comprised of a top cap and a bottom cap, wherein the access ports are comprised of an inlet port and a fill port in the top cap, wherein the top cap is further comprised of a threaded plug, and wherein the fill port is threaded and the threaded plug has a screwed and sealed engagement with the fill port.
 5. The fluid container of claim 4, wherein the access ports are further comprised of an outlet port in at least one of the top cap and the bottom cap, wherein the fluid flows out from the cylindrical tank through the outlet ports, and wherein a pressurized air enters the cylindrical tank through the inlet port.
 6. The fluid container of claim 5, wherein all of the access ports are in in the top cap and no access port is in the bottom cap, further comprising a process tube extending between a proximal end and a distal end within the cylindrical tank, wherein the proximal end of the process tube is connected to the outlet port in the interior space of the top cap, and wherein the distal end of the process tube is situated proximate to the bottom cap.
 7. The fluid container of claim 6, wherein the process tube further comprises a float valve assembly, wherein the threaded plug further comprises a spring-loaded, pressure-release valve, wherein the float valve assembly comprises a ball float, an entrance port, an exit port, and an internal passageway in fluid communication between the entrance port and the exit port, wherein the ball float moves between an open configuration and a closed position, wherein the ball float is spaced away from the entrance port in the open configuration, wherein the ball float covers the entrance port in the closed position, wherein the distal end of the process tube is connected to the exit port of the float valve assembly, and wherein the spring-loaded, pressure-release valve extends through a topside of the threaded plug.
 8. A container for exchanging a fluid under pressure; comprising: a cylindrical tank comprising an upper end, a lower end, a middle section between the upper end and the lower end, and an interior sidewall, wherein the cylindrical tank has a central longitudinal axis, wherein the lower end is comprised of a first threaded bore situated at the central longitudinal axis of the cylindrical tank and a sealed bottom side; a top cap having a center point aligned with the central longitudinal axis of the cylindrical tank, and comprising a perimeter side, an exterior surface, an interior space, a second threaded bore, a threaded fill port with a threaded plug, and at least one process port, wherein the threaded fill port extends through the exterior surface to the interior space at a location offset from the center point, wherein the access port fluidly connects at least one of the exterior surface and the perimeter side with the interior space, and wherein the threaded bore is situated in the interior space at the center point of the cap; an annular seal situated between the top cap and the upper end of the cylindrical tank; and a tie rod comprising a top threaded end, a bottom threaded end, and a center section between the top threaded end and the bottom threaded end, wherein the tie rod has a longitudinal axis in line with the central longitudinal axis of the cylindrical tank, wherein the bottom threaded end is screwed into the first threaded bore, wherein rotating the top cap in a first direction relative to the cylindrical tank with the second threaded bore engaged with the top threaded end axially pulls the top cap toward the upper end of the cylindrical tank and compresses the annular seal to form a sealed arrangement, and wherein rotating the top cap in a second direction relative to the cylindrical tank with the second threaded bore engaged with the top threaded end axially pushes the top cap away from the upper end of the cylindrical tank to an unsealed arrangement.
 9. The fluid container of claim 8, wherein the sealed bottom side is comprised of at least one of a fixed, permanently-sealed bottom and a removable bottom cap with a seal.
 10. The fluid container of claim 8, wherein the sidewall has a sidewall diameter, wherein the top cap is further comprised of a head with a first diameter, a flange with a second diameter less than the first diameter, and a shoulder section at the interface between the head and the flange, wherein the flange is comprised of an annular groove and extends a length from the head into the top end of the cylindrical tank proximate to the interior sidewall, wherein the annular seal comprises a first portion positioned within the annular groove and a second portion protruding a radial distance out of the annular groove to a third diameter, wherein the second portion is in contact with and radially compressed by the interior sidewall in the sealed arrangement, and wherein the third diameter is greater than the sidewall diameter in the unsealed arrangement.
 11. The fluid container of claim 10, wherein the annular groove is spaced from the head by an axial distance at least half a width of the groove, wherein the annular seal is not radially compressed around an entire circumference of the interior sidewall when the top cap is in the unsealed arrangement, and wherein the annular seal is radially compressed around the entire circumference of the interior sidewall when the top cap is in the sealed arrangement.
 12. The fluid container of claim 11, wherein the top cap has a range of rotation in the sealed arrangement between a fully-seated point with the head abutting the upper end of the cylindrical tank and a partially-seated point with an open circumferential space at least equal to the axial distance between the head of the top cap at the shoulder section and the upper end of the cylindrical tank, and wherein the head rotates more than one full rotation between the partially-seated point and the fully-seated point.
 13. The fluid container of claim 8, further comprising a process tube extending between a proximal end and a distal end within the cylindrical tank, wherein the proximal end of the process tube is connected to the process port in the interior space of the top cap, wherein the distal end of the process tube is situated proximate to the sealed bottom side at the lower end of the cylindrical tank and the fluid flows out from the cylindrical tank through the process tube and the process port, wherein the top cap is further comprised of at least one additional process port through which a pressurized air enters the cylindrical tank, wherein all of the process ports and the threaded fill port are in in the top cap and no access port is in the sealed bottom side.
 14. A container for exchanging a fluid under pressure; comprising: a cylindrical tank comprising an upper end, a lower end, a middle section between the upper end and the lower end, and an interior sidewall having a sidewall diameter, wherein the lower end is comprised of a sealed bottom side; a top cap comprising a head and a flange, wherein the head has a first diameter and is comprised of an exterior surface, an interior space, a perimeter side, a threaded fill port with a threaded plug, and at least one process port, wherein the threaded fill port extends through the exterior surface to the interior space, wherein the flange has a second diameter and is comprised of an annular groove, wherein the process port fluidly connects at least one of the exterior surface and the perimeter side with the interior space, wherein the first diameter is greater than the second diameter and forms a shoulder section between the head and the flange, wherein the shoulder section is positioned proximate to the upper end of the cylindrical tank, and wherein the flange extends a length from the head into the upper end of the cylindrical tank proximate to the interior sidewall; a tie rod comprising a top end, a bottom end, and a center section between the top end and the bottom end, wherein the top end and the bottom end are removably connected to the top cap and the sealed bottom side through a pair of fasteners, respectively, wherein the top cap moves axially towards the upper end of the cylindrical tank to a sealed arrangement, and wherein the top cap moves axially away from the upper end of the cylindrical tank to an unsealed arrangement; and an annular seal fitted within the annular groove of the top cap, wherein the annular seal comprises a first portion positioned within the annular groove and a second portion protruding a radial distance out of the annular groove to a third diameter, wherein the second portion is in contact with and radially compressed by the interior sidewall in the sealed arrangement, and wherein the third diameter is greater than the sidewall diameter in the unsealed arrangement.
 15. The fluid container of claim 14, wherein the sealed bottom side is comprised of at least one of a fixed, permanently-sealed bottom and a removable bottom cap with a seal.
 16. The fluid container of claim 14, wherein the cylindrical tank has a central longitudinal axis, wherein the top cap is further comprised of a top threaded bore in the interior space at a center point aligned with the central longitudinal axis of the cylindrical tank, wherein the fill port is positioned on the top cap at a location offset from the center point, wherein the sealed bottom side is comprised of a bottom threaded bore situated at the central longitudinal axis of the cylindrical tank, wherein the tie rod has a longitudinal axis in line with the central longitudinal axis of the cylindrical tank, wherein the top threaded bore and the bottom threaded bore are the pair of fasteners, wherein the bottom end of the tie rod is threaded and is screwed into the bottom threaded bore, wherein the top end of the tie rod is threaded, wherein rotating the top cap in a first direction relative to the cylindrical tank with the top threaded bore engaged with the top end of the tie rod pulls the top cap toward the upper end of the cylindrical tank to the sealed arrangement, and wherein rotating the top cap in a second direction relative to the cylindrical tank with the bottom threaded bore engaged with the top end axially of the tie rod pushes the top cap away from the upper end of the cylindrical tank to the unsealed arrangement.
 17. The fluid container of claim 16, wherein the annular groove is spaced from the head by an axial distance at least half a width of the groove, wherein the annular seal is not radially compressed around an entire circumference of the interior sidewall when the top cap is in the unsealed arrangement, and wherein the annular seal is radially compressed around the entire circumference of the interior sidewall when the top cap is in the sealed arrangement.
 18. The fluid container of claim 17, wherein the top cap has a range of rotation in the sealed arrangement between a fully-seated point with the head abutting the upper end of the cylindrical tank and a partially-seated point with an open circumferential space at least equal to the axial distance between the head of the top cap at the shoulder section and the upper end of the cylindrical tank.
 19. The fluid container of claim 18, wherein the head rotates more than one full rotation between the partially-seated point and the fully-seated point.
 20. The fluid container of claim 14, further comprising a process tube extending between a proximal end and a distal end within the cylindrical tank, wherein the proximal end of the process tube is connected to the process port in the interior space of the top cap, wherein the distal end of the process tube is situated proximate to the sealed bottom side at the lower end of the cylindrical tank and the fluid flows out from the cylindrical tank through the process tube and the process port, wherein the top cap is further comprised of at least one additional process port through which a pressurized air enters the cylindrical tank, wherein all of the process ports and the threaded fill port are in in the top cap and no access port is in the sealed bottom side. 